Research methods and Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research methods and Skills - Essay Examplebeen found to leach from plastic products, more so in high temperatures and staple fibre or acidic conditions, such as during autoclaving.2 This becomes more alarming with the pressing problem of global warming.3 Food is also considered the most significant source of BPA depiction worldwide. In fact, BPA has already been detected in almost all of urine samples collected from USA.4When BPA is imbibed, it is metabolized by the liver into BPA glucuronide, which is excreted through the urine.5 BPA is an oestrogenic monomer that binds weakly to nuclear estrogen receptors. In fact, its binding to estrogen receptors is 1000 10, 000-fold lower than the natural hormone E2.6 Currently, it is now polymerized to make polycarbonate plastic, which is now extensively used in the manufacture of nutriment and beverage cans and dental materials.The potency of BPA partly results from the low dose needed to produce a physiologic response. This is because t he activation of the effector is longer than the actual hormone-receptor binding, or the number of receptors is greater than the number of molecules. Thus, despite the low affinity of BPA to the receptor, low concentrations still initiate a response. In fact, the linear concentration between receptor occupancy and hormone concentration is preserved only up to 10% receptor occupancy. Above this, saturation of response occurs first, and saturation of receptor follows.7BPA mimics the activity of 17-estradiol, posing a strong estrogenic activity. With just 10 20 nM, it was seen to competitively bind to estrogen receptors, proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, induction of progesterone receptors, and black eye estrogen action by tamoxifen. It induces proliferative and stimulatory changes in estrogen targets.8There is a major concern to public health due to its high potential for tender-hearted exposure and to its demonstrated toxicity (endocrine disruptor effect). A growing numb er of health experts and consumers are becoming concerned

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Essay

Legal Case Briefs x 3 ( Terry v. Ohio, Katz v. United States, Tennessee v Garner) - Essay ExampleThe three work force were incoherent in their response. That prompted the tec to accost Terry, turn him around and discovered a pistol which he was not able to seize at the moment. He then made the three men to enter the store hands raised, and then frisked Chilton and Kartz. The detective recovered a .38 calibre revolver from the pocket of Chiltons overcoat on the outside. He did not search the outer clothing of Kartz because he did not funny him to be armed when he lightly frisked him. The detective as a result of discovery of the weapons arrested the three and charged Terry and Chilton with carrying concealed weapons under Ohio rights and rules. Procedural history Trial court- passed verdict of guilty and convicted. motor hotel of appeal affirmed conviction. Supreme court- upheld affirmation of appellate court. Issue Admissibility of evidence obtained from suspects without warrant s under the fourth amendment if the hunt was restrained /limited and reasonable grounds to suspect danger depending on the prevailing circumstances before actual proof is obtained. Holding It was proper to stop and frisk the suspects if the police had reasonable grounds of misgiving and it was not contrary to the fourth amendment of unreasonable searches and seizures and that the rule was applicable both privately and in public places. Reasoning Brinegar v. United States 338 U.S. 160 (1949) In as much as probable cause standards are meant to guard citizens against un policeful interference by law enforcement officers, they are also meant to tutelage law enforcement. A balance has to be struck between allowing the officers too much discretion and what is reasonably practicable under the prevailing circumstances. Application Even though the law provides protection for individuals and guards privacy under the fourth amendment, it must be understood that circumstances arise where it i s reasonably practicable to allow personal intrusion for effective law enforcement. The standards of probable cause must be regarded in determination of whether arrests without warrants are constitutional or not. Conclusion Activities by law enforcement officers that may front to be a infringement of the Fourth Amendment in relation to searches and seizures depends on the prevailing circumstances under which the events occur and the reasonableness of actions taken by the law enforcement officers. In order to enhance community protection, law enforcement officers must be allowed certain powers but only which are necessary and not excessive. 2. CASE title Tennessee v Garner CITATION 471 U.S.1 (1985) Facts Two Memphis police officers, Wright and Hymon responded to a call October 3, 1974 at a quarter to 11 pm. On arrival at the scene, a woman gestured at the next house and explained to them that she had heard the sound of breaking glass and that it was probably a house break in the n eighbours house. Hymon positioned himself behind the house as Wright confirmed their presence at the scene to the dispatch scene by radio call. Hyman first heard the sound of a slamming door and saw the suspect fleeing across the backyard. The suspect made a stop at a 6-feet- tall chain link fence. Hyman by the aid of a flashlight could see the suspect and reasonably concluded that he was unarmed, about 17/18 years old and about 55 or 57 tall. Hyman called on him to stop but he proceeded to scale the fence.

Antifascism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Antifascism - Essay ExampleOne such occurrence was in Spain. At that beat, there were strong clerical fascist forces that were introduced by Francisco Franco. Consequently, antifascist movements were formed to oppose Francos ideologies. These latter movements were characterised by anarchist militias. Antifascism was also visible in Italy antifascists uprisings in the early twentieth century were responsible for freedom from fascists. stonemason D ed, (2003)Perhaps the most out tolerateing depiction of antifascism was witnessed in Germany. This was during the Nazi era in the 1920s. Antifascists in this era took up a militant stand point. Antifascists at that time argued that it was necessary for them to defend themselves against those who supported Nazism. This was because they felt susceptible to their actions and could not be protected by another external force worry the State. However that aggressive standpoint has been criticised by another version of antifascists who believe th at violence should not be part of the principle. They argue that this shifts blame form the touchable perpetrators to the antifascists themselves. (Banton, 1998)In light of the above facts, some contradictions arise both in the definition and in the practice of Antifascism. These latter facts will be examined below with the aspire of showing that antifascism should not be considered as an ideology on its own right.Antifascism as an ideology supports the working ... Such drastic political changes cannot come without a price. Most of the time, the government of the day will rise up in opposition to these movements and consequently defeat the very purpose of the antifascists. This was especially visible during Hitlers time it was realised that the only way the government could have power over its people was through repressive orders that overruled antifascists. With this in mind, antifascism beats the very purpose for which it was created and thereof cannot stand alone as an indepen dent ideology.Contradictions in revolutionary antifascismAntifascism per say arises out of the need to annihilate dictatorship ideologies. In that context, it cannot apply those same ideologies that it is trying to eliminate during achievement of its objectives instead it must use other avenues that are less oppressive. Therefore antifascism goes hand in hand with democracy as opposed to dictatorships. This is a fact that is synonymous with the very nature and logic of antifascism. (Gray, 2007)However, there are instances when a support of antifascism changes to a political embodiment. It is possible to be against fascism and not be an antifascist. The former signifies an individual who opposes ideas/ ideologies brought forward by fascists. Such people regard acts committed by people such as Hitler and Franco as appalling. However, an antifascist is one who takes up a political standpoint against a threat or a fascist state and they regard that party as an enemy that must be elimin ated at all costs. This therefore means that the aspect of revolutionary antifascism inevitably becomes a contradiction since it embraces a communist element. The problem with communist

Importance of Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Education EssayProviding free and quality development to children reflects the fact that every child is entitled to fundamental human rights and is to be treated with dignity. Where children are exposed to poverty, violence, abuse, or exploitation, those rights demand our urgent comfortion. Primary precept supports children at a life-sustaining time in their physical, emotional, social and intellectual growth.More broadly, education is a key tool for development, and an invaluable means of addressing structural inequality and disadvantage. Primary education provides children with life skills that will enable them to prosper later in life. It equips children with the skills to maintain a healthy and productive existence, to grow into capable and socially active adults, and to exculpate cultural and political contributions to their communities. Education also transmits more abstract qualities such as critical thinking skills, healthy living, resilience, and sel f-confidence.An amend adult population is vital for strong economic development. It also lays the foundations for greater overall economic productivity, and the full use of new technologies for development. A system of coercive schooling helps fight child labour. Educated and literate adults are more likely to be informed about sexual risks and better able to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. A lack of gender parity and equality in education is often a critical factor in underdevelopment. The education of women is a powerful means of sustaining improved health and education in the long term.Figures suggest that children of educated mothers are importantly more likely to be enrolled in school. The education of women also reduces fertility rates and improves the health of women, infants and children. In addition, the education of women may also address entrench cultural views about traditional female roles as they are empowered and equipped wi th skills which enable them to make a full contribution to their communities. You can make a difference by entering a partnership, donating or volunteering.

The Presence of Black People in the Bible Essay Example for Free

The Presence of Black People in the Bible EssayAlthough not very important, I took the liberty this past month(Black History) to document my research to the suppurate old question, Was Jesus Black, after a small debate with my auntie Angelina Quar enclosurean arguing that He was a Jew, and Jews are White(lol). The typical Hollywood image in which old-fashioned Israelites look like fair-haired White Americans is way off the mark. The people of the bible were Semitic(Afro-Asiatic languages) and would have been dark- skinned. The racial emnity equating Black with evil was an wretched development in later Europe, devised in part to justify African slavery. This topic of course has been a discussion almost since the introduction of Christianity to the western world. What twine was Jesus Christ? I challenge those who may believe that Jesus was of White, Arabic, or Semitic(which doesnt consitute a race, scarcely a group of languages and culture) descent to do virtually research. We must first begin by understanding that the first humans were black and were discovered in what is known today as Africa ( Akebu-Lan, which means puzzle of Mankind to the natives of Africa or Garden of Eden).This name for Africa (Alkebu-Lan) was accustomed to the continent by the Moors, Nubians, Numidians, Khart-Haddans (Carthagenians), and Ethiopians. The Muslims called it El Bilad es Sudan which translates as Land of the Blacks. You must in addition note that Africa was a name given by European conquerors, particularly the Romans/Greeks. There are many other names that Africa has been called by such as Kemet, Libya, Ortegia, Corphye, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Olympia, Hesperia, Oceania, and Ta-Merry. It was even called Aethiops which meant burned faced people in Greek.Many also do not know that the original Hebrews were black-skinned people. Today we have terms used to describe blacks such as Negro or African which does little to say or prove the roots of black or darker ski nned people. The term Negro was given to Blacks as they left Africa for the slave ships (ca. 1500 A. D. ). Negroland was also used by the Portuguese which means black land of course. This term was used to save them from having to call them by their true roots, which were Cushites, Nubians, Ethiopians, or Abysinians, in which they are called by in the Bible.These people were the founders of Christianity and Judaism in Alkebu-Lan, North Alkebu-Lan and Europe. What we have today is Western bias which has thwarted the bill of the black race and it takes great study to get back to the truth. Even Moses (who married an Ethiopian woman) is commonly portrayed as an Eurasian or European. You also have people like Tirhaka, King of the Ethiopians, and as a Pharaoh was the fourth member of the Twenty-fifth Egyptian Dynasty that ruled Egypt from (730-653 B. C.).This man is commonly portrayed as European or White. Tirhaka was of grave importance to Israel in the days of Hezekiah. His armies were needed to stave off an impending Assyrian assault by Sennacherib. Furthermore we arrive at the question What did Jesus of Nazareth look like? His Mother Mary was black/afro-asiatic and closely resembled those of Yeminite, Trinidadian, or African American descent of today. The perception of the Madonna and electric razor can also be challenged. In Matt 215 and Hos 111 we find Out of Egypt, I have called my son. This particular conversion speaks about Mary and Josephs attempt to hide the one that King Herod feared would displace him. Can you imagine the divine family as Europeans hiding in AFRICA?? There are literally hundreds of Shrines that depict the Black Madonna in many parts of North Africa, Europe, and Russia. These are but uncanny reminders of the original people who inhabited ancient Palestine. Watercolors and marvelous oils of the painters brush has recast the image and rebirth Jesus as a European.Medieval and renaissance artists (such as Michaelangelo) made him suitable for a European form of Christianity. You even had people like Shakespeare have a hand in editing the the King James Version of the Bible. Again people lead argue Jesus was Semitic, but again this is a group of languages that include both Hebrew and Arabic and NOT a racial type. It is ironic that the term Semitic was created at around the same time the Middle East was created. It is as they sought to simply de-Africanize the sacred story of the Bible by disconnecting a part of Africa.In my final analysis I would like to provide evidence that Jesus was of African descent based on the descriptions given in the Bible as regard to appearance. Dan 79 reads I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of Days did sit, who garment was white as snow, and the hair of his crack like the pure wool his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire. We all know that blacks have hair that closest resembles that of wool. We continue on to Rev.113-15 And in the mids t of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle. His calculate and His hairs were white like wool, as white as snow and His eyes were like a flame of fire and His feet unto like fine bronze as if they burned in a furnace and His voice like the sound of man waters. I can go on and on and continue to prove my point, but as of now you can decide for yourself.

DMC Review Papers Essay Example for Free

DMC Review Papers EssayAs Mr. Grant, CEO of DMC has realized, the current growth strategy of the club is insufficient. DMC acquires to identify their primary business problems and unsex a new or revised strategy with alternative tactics to address it.Even though DMC had gr decl are to become a multi- one one million million million dollar company and consistently ranked in the concealment five in their industry, DMCs returns between 2008 and 2012 showed great profits and loss swings unpredictably. These ranged from a net income loss of $1.5 billion in 2008, . 9 billion in 2009, to a profit of $1.9 billion in 2010, $1.7 billion in 2011 then a loss of 1 billion in net income in 2012, the most recent year. (Table 1) Despite of the up-side- follow through net income and over $3 billion in long-term debt, DMC was able to make pecuniary arrangements for a line of credit of from $500 million to nearly $2 billion to finance potential acquisitions of major competitors whose financi al situations made them available.DMCs top management team is well aware that a major change in strategy causes other changes. This besides causes each manager concerned how his/her own area will change, even while they all know they study to help determine a direction that is the best overall choice for the company. They are well aware that the current growth strategy is insufficient. Top management team also need to consider whether or not a chosen target segment is profitable enough to pursue, and how these changes might influence manufacturing, supply chain, and personnel. Depending upon future direction, there will managely be an impact on entropy system as well. While IT is a progressive management team who is always willing to implement technical solutions to expedite product training and gross revenue, their compute has been constrained along with all departments over the course of recent recession and the variability of returns to the company. Finance and accounting remain concerned about cash point demands and financial activity for major company undertakings. HR knows from experience that major change digest corroborate a significant impact on staffing and morale. anyhow company own business problems, DMC also faces industrys issues as well. In the passing volatile electronics industry, transnational competition put pressure on the way DMC traditionally did business, including with whom, where, and at what price levels. Their ability to respond rapidly to market change is always difficult, based upon the nature of the product and the heavy investiture required for future technologies. As a result, development be continue to rise while sale margins have dropped steadily. In their industry, innovation is not an option, scarce an absolute necessity and maintaining a competitive advantage and come alonging market share comes slowly and only to the best and smartest companies.DMC needs to consider the selling to in large quantities distr ibutor, particularly VAR. The VAR group always has irregular demand, as they react to the supply chain cycle of their small manufacturing customers and budget cycles for equipment upgrade customers. This segment is highly price sensitive, demanding attractive discounts and low delivery costs. Because of their reactions to the change in the market, DMC will be affected as numbers of demand increase or reduction irregularly, increasing unit cost of production.Now with DMCs business problems, including within industry problems, have been issued they need a new or revised strategy, which, obviously, would work to the best overall outcomes.With the problem of net income up and down dramatically and COGS as percentage of sales being a large number alter net income, DMC needs to find a way to prove selling. They need a to a greater extent effective way to sell product. Besides, new product development is always important to DMC. The founders believed that the experience of an entreprene urial driver or team had to start from scratch and force success. They did not believe the future evolved from forecasting or planning in the technology world. The company identified outstanding managers coming up through the ranks, selected a few each year, and gave each $5 million to make approximatelything happen. With three or four new product efforts each year, they recognized most might fail, but hoped the winners would make up for the losers. With that in mind, DMC tries to frame the own personal computer and touch screen products. It might failmost of the time but it only needs one success to build up the brand and the future direction of the company.DMC really needs to take direct sales to the end user customer into consideration. Even though the Business-to-consumer (B2C) is not common in the electronic components industry, it is well worth the try. After an informal meeting with VP of IT, CEO Grant understands the possibility of moving into B2C without a large crownwo rk outlay if they could allocate somewhat dedicated programming time to the project. at that place are still some concerns over the fact that the sales team would have to be heavily involved in any project like this and smaller orders would not be cost effective and would require too frequently support for product selection. However, the IT teams view of sales on the web was that it could a relatively automated process, with a built-in digital configurator apparatus to help customers choose the right parts with minimal human intervention overall.With the B2C on the line, DMC can sternly consider cutting wholesale distributor like VAR. They not only can save the dollars-turn in every product but also avoid the irregular demand from VAR. With the B2C interface, DMC has the advantage knowing what customers need and the way they thinking. DMC can react quickly to market change and therefore save a hoi polloi of money in cost of unit production. B2C e-commerce has a lot of advantag es in the business world nowadays. By using B2C, DMC can easily reach worldwide market with unlimited volume of customers. They also can display information, pictures, and prices of products or services without spending a fortune on colorful advertisements. By reducing the cost of advertisements, DMC can save a lot of money and use that to spend for new product development and make up the cost of changing strategies toward each functional division effectively. In some cases, B2C e-commerce makes order processing an easier task than before. With that, DMC also can save up a lot of cost production and use that to make the selling more(prenominal) effective. One of the biggest advantages of B2C e-commerce is that DMC can operate on decreased, little, or even no overhead.Also, as VP of manufacturing Bret Hendricks expresses, DMC manufactureddivision already do a great trading of controlling costs and improving processes. He strongly feels his group cannot achieve any more efficiencies from the manufacturing lines unless they do a major overhaul and replace some of the manufacturing systems. With the strong competition from foreign suppliers who receiving funding from government, DMC really needs to find a way to make the manufacturing processes strongly effective. That should be done even it takes a great cost and time to do a major change.In the financial aspect, DMC has been good of negotiating deals with the companys line credit to construct pick and capital for the company major moves like acquisitions and mergers. However, the financial team needs to work on more areas to look to lower general operating expenses that create problems for the bottom line. The idea of direct sales floating around is very promising. This can create pricing to wash any increased handling costs and significantly exceed the margin offered to their larger wholesale customers to make the new venture worthwhile. However, the difficulty lies on calculating ROI on any type of IT pro ject. There were many variables and intangible benefits to consider.Lastly, if DMC is going to do a major change in strategy, they need to consider the large expenses of doing so. One of the major changes can be made is that DMC might consider insourcing. While outsourcing saves money in the short term, over the long run the company may suffer from not having a large enough employee pool to promote from in certain areas. The IT division of DMC has been doing well over the past. They need to continue to do so and try to explore in some new Business Intelligence tools. That includes the process of running the electronic commerce site. The IT team is a talented team, VP of IT division could try to create things that keep them motivated and create more ideas to help the companys success.Overall, the main business problems of DMC is their ineffective selling led to dramatically up and down income and their COGS being a large number affecting sales the functional division that requires lo t of things in order to create a change in strategy, this includes cost, time and human resources management problems of choosing a right market segment DMCsproblems within the industry such as international competition, the adaption of market changes result and the increase of development cost. However, DMC also has many opportunities and advantages such as the ability to deal with financial institution with credit card in order to have capital preparing for acquisitions or merger. They also have a good IT team, manufacturing process and talented human resources. DMC already established their reputation as one of the preponderant computer component manufacturers in the world.Recommendation for DMC is that they should consider creating a major change in strategy and manufacturing process to make the company sales more effective. In order to do so, they would need to prepare a brief and careful plan because it requires much of cost and time involving all of the company divisions. D MC also needs to invent and explore more to create new products and choose the right market segment. They need to find a way to deal with international competitions pressure and respond quickly to market change. COGS as percentage of sales needs to be adjusted so that the net income and sales of the company dont be affected in a wrong way. Lastly, because DMC has problems with market changing and wholesale distributors irregular demands, they should seriously consider starting B2C e-commerce. The advantages of B2C e-commerce could really change the status of the company and make sales and manufacturing process more effective.

Emotional Intelligence And Healthcare Leadership

Emotional Intelligence And Health fretting leadDevelopment of aflame parole in healthcare has been s pass up to hand than in other industries. This paper defines horny perception and describes benefits related to developing the attributes of emotional experience. It explores physician, clinical, ancillary, and administrative use cases documenting the benefits of implementing emotional intelligence agency awareness. In addition, it describes how emotional intelligence discharge positively impact healthcare executives in leading their organizations to retain talent, improve patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.Emotional Intelligence Healthcare LeadershipA lot of research has been conducted on the topic of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the capacity for effectively recognizing and managing our own emotions and those of others (Pharmaceutical Information, 2007). The Harvard Business Review (HBR) released a frame of binds which examine emotional intel ligence. As described in the HBR article What Makes a Leader there are five key components to emotional intelligence including knowing ones emotions (Self-Awareness), managing ones emotions (Self-Regulation), motivating self (Motivation), recognizing the emotions of others on the team (Empathy), and developing / handling notificationships (Social Skills), (Goldman 2004). Publication of emotional intelligence research started in 1990 and since that time companies have been working to conflate emotional intelligence into their employee selection processes (Freedman 2010). This work started in non-healthcare related industries and is increasingly stressed in healthcare behavioral development today. In an article by the journal BMC Medical Education, Emotional Intelligence is the set of abilities (verbal and nonverbal) that enable a person to generate, fill in, express, understand, and evaluate their own, and others, emotions in order to guide thinking and action that achievementfu lly cope with environmental demands and pressures(Birks, Mckendree, Watt 2009). Are emotional intelligence attributes just a performance metric fad utilized by senior leadinghip to stimulate change inwardly the organization? Or does it lead to enhanced effectiveness of healthcare executives and the organizations they lead?One of the reasons emotional intelligence is critical to success is that it is effective in handling stress. Healthcare is a multifaceted, evolving and stressful environment. Managing the stress of change management in healthcare is a skill that healthcare leaders must acknowledge. A battleground was performed at a large urban hospital with professional midwives and obstetricians. It found that emotional intelligence is predictive of performance 66 percent of the time, of stress up to 24 percent and of stress management 6.5 percent of the time. This study found in examining senior leadership in relation to the focus group that emotional intelligence made the big gest difference in the supervisory and leadership roles (Freeman 2010). This provides indication that emotional intelligence actually is more authorized to recognize as one is in transition to prouder management and leadership levels.Another study performed indicated that emotional intelligence can actually be improved throughout life. The study focused on supporting staff of a large healthcare center. It utilized an emotional intelligence test direction on emotional sensitiveness, maturity, and competence. This study measured the ability to respond to interpretation of human expressions with empathy and scored competency of self-control against age / maturity. Findings revealed that maturity of emotional regulation tends to be after the age of forty and that emotional sensitivity grows with experience (ie. age) as well. The study also found a significant difference in the erudition of emotion intelligence between gender show that both men and women have equal ability to increa se emotional intelligence but that women tended to be stronger than men as it relates to empathy and self-regulation (Freeman 2010). This provides evidence that emotional intelligence is learned with experiences. Therefore healthcare leaders can influence supporting staffs development of emotional intelligence in handling operational stress management. It is chief(prenominal) to ensure the development concentrates on the right part of the brain to achieve successful results. Emotional intelligence training must focus on the limbic system which requires motivation, extended practice and feedback on behalf of the student to advance capabilities (Goleman 2004).Healthcare leaders strike to recognize the importance of emotional intelligence competency in order to make it a part of their organizations culture. There are a number of case examples showing that healthcare executives believe that their own development of emotional intelligence is imperative to successful implementation of i nitiatives for their organization. For example in the Journal of General Internal medication, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine designed an exploratory study in order compare leaders and physician perspectives with respect to required leadership qualities. The purpose of the study was to gauge what is unavoidable to develop current and future leaders. This study centered on leaders that expressed interest in gaining new academics and leadership skills. They structured interviews to gather selective information from leaders and found that both developmental and established leaders agreed that knowledge, people skills, emotional intelligence and vision are all characteristics required for leaders to be successful. The interviews indicated that healthcare poses unique leadership challenges and the complexity of healthcare institutions is greater than other industries with respect to training. Physicians tend to be far less exiting to become direction and collaborate o n training necessitating the need for healthcare leaders to possess mature emotional intelligence skills especially in areas such as empathy, self-awareness and self-restraint. The study provided evidence that leaders need and desire emotional intelligence training. Healthcare leaders admitted in the interviews that often one is promoted based upon academic and clinical accomplishments. Therefore they lack and desire training in other skilled leadership competencies such as emotional intelligence. The leaders agreed that knowledge is in-chief(postnominal) however 70 percent stated that emotional intelligence was the most admired attribute (Taylor, Taylor, Staller 2008).Healthcare leaders agree that emotional intelligence is important element for leadership. But there is also evidence that leaders should promote development of emotional intelligence for their clinicians as well. A study published in the March 2011 issue of Academic Medicine highlighted a study performed by Jefferso n Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. It was established in order to quantify if there is a relationship between physician empathy and clinical patient outcomes. Researchers measured 29 physicians associated with 891 diabetic patients by utilizing the Jefferson Scale of Empathy as an instrument to measure empathy. The scale rated and provided a physician score on their empathy awareness based on the context that patient care requires a cognitive attribute that involves understanding and intention to help. after scoring the physicians empathy skills, the study compared them with the patients ability to control hemoglobin Alc and LDL cholesterol levels. The study concluded that good control of A1c and LDL levels was significantly better with patients associated with physicians having high empathy scores than with patient of physicians with low empathy ratings. This suggests that empathy should be a key component in overall physician competence (Jefferson University Hospita ls 2011).As referenced in a research study documented in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM), healthcare policy and practices are trending towards emphasizing the principles of patient-centered care. Providing patient-centered care is a multi-dimensional invention which addresses patients needs for information, views the patient as a whole person, promotes concordance and enhances the professional-patient relationship(Birks Watt 2007). There is a variance in the level of patient-centered care provided by professionals practicing within healthcare organizations. Healthcare executives are therefore interested in ways to improve patient-centered outcomes. Training professional staff on emotional intelligence generates self-confidence, sensitivity to patient needs and trustworthiness. These attributes can actually play a part in improving outcomes (Birks Watt 2007). Evidence of this is documented in JRSM where a study involving 30 physicians and 138 patients provided evidence that emotional intelligence plays a role in patient satisfaction. An extensive study involving 213 dental students found that perceived stress is lower when the student possesses higher emotional intelligence scores. Decreasing stress levels help to retain talent and quality nursing staff is extremely important in patient-centered care. A correlation between low emotional intelligence scores and nursing burnout and attrition was found based on study conducted on 380 nurses. It indicated that emotional intelligence can improve the working relationships within the healthcare culture increasing the likelihood of retaining talent (Birks Watt 2007)A Clinical Connections journal article written by Erik Swensson, MD, FACS agrees with the premise that emotional intelligence improves healthcare culture. He emphasizes the continual challenge for physicians and leadership professionals to routinely coach and hold peers accountable. The article stresses the need for professionals to p ossess emotional intelligence skills involving self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Healthcare professionals need to move away from protecting our own and towards helping our own, he stated. Emotional intelligence establishes a foundation for building a caring environment and establishing a culture of collaborative safety (Swensson 2012).The International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health suggests that making emotional intelligence a core competency for the healthcare professional will result in enhancing clinician-patient relationships. Patients feeling empowered, knowledgeable and in control of their healthcare tend to make healthy lifestyle modifications. Clinicians whom are trained in emotional intelligence skills can help patients with self-awareness, self-regulation, and motivation. This requires time to listen to patient concerns (ie. empathy). Enhanced relationships will thereby result in an in crease in desirable health outcomes (Coelho 2012). Cultivating the patient-clinician relationship may affect a patients emotional intelligence on initiating legal action against providers because the patient is part of the care solution and overall more satisfied with the care provided. Research indicates that more satisfied patients are the less likely they are to take legal action. Therefore cultivating emotional intelligence may be a mechanism towards a reduction in healthcare legal cases and costs associated.Todays healthcare environment demands pay for performance. Healthcare executives need to expand their overall emotional intelligence competencies in order to recognize and expect these attributes in leaders and clinical professionals within their organization. Executives have to establish and take ownership for their culture. In doing so they must consistently demonstrate the leadership qualities they expect to be exhibited by their administrative and clinical staff. As evi denced in the studies described above executives will benefit by investing in their own emotional intelligence education and should extend it to all levels within their organization. Doing so will provide a caring culture, reducing healthcare costs, retaining talent, and motivating clinicians to provide excellence in patient care.