The processes of evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The processes of evolution - Essay Example terbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other groups, (Hausdorf, 2011).’In essence a species is considered the biggest gene pool that can occur under natural conditions. Populations connected by gene flow are often hard to classify. While a species concept defines the conditions under which a population should be classified as a species a population are individuals that belong to a specific species and are usually located in an area that is able to be defined. Populations interact with other populations in their environments and their physical environment; also interacting with those populations of another species. Populations that grow exponentially can reach the maximum sustainable of their population in a certain environment. There are four different forces of evolution; natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift. Natural selection has four different components which struggle with each other to change certain traits within populations (University of Michigan, 2010). Natural selection is subject to inheritance, whereas traits are passed on through heredity, variation such as hair color and eye color or other individual characteristics. An increased rate of population growth means that each population is subject to struggle for a dwindling supply of resources. Finally differential survival and reproduction means that those individual’s more suited to the struggles will pass on more offspring and genes which are able to withstand different conditions. Natural selection depends on traits that are inheritable. Mutation causes new genetic variations in a certain gene pool. These mutations cause the variation in genetics that allow others evolutionary forces to act such as natural selection, gene flow and genetic drift. Gene flow occurs when individual’s move into and out of certain populations. An example of this would be Americans resettling in other Countries and producing offspring. This affects that

Behavioural Perspective of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavioural Perspective of leadership - Essay Example A majority of such leadership theories have focused on the study of characteristics of the leaders and the manner in which they behave. The impact of leadership behavior on organizational performance has been studied extensively since the past four decades, by practitioners and academics alike (Cannella and Rowe, 1995; Giambatista, 2004). This is mainly because of the widespread belief, that the leadership behavior displayed by the leaders in organizations is regarded, by some researchers as crucial to achievement of organizational goals and in motivating the employees to enhance productivity (Berson et al., 2001; Zacharatos et al., 2000). The behavioral leadership theory evolved during the Second World War, focuses mainly on the human relationships along with, organizational performance and productivity. This theory proposed that the behavior of the leaders has a significant influence on organizational performance and the effectiveness of the workers. Two most important studies with regard to leadership behavior include the study conducted at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan during the 1940s and 1950s. These studies highlighted two distinct categories of leadership behavior based on their individual leadership styles namely: the people-oriented leadership behavior and the task-oriented leadership behavior (Leadership in Organizational Settings, Pp. 287). The former category / cluster focuses on the employee tasks and the methods used to achieve the same, while the latter, focuses on the personal needs and requirements of the employees / workers, and the need for enhancing their interpersonal relationships. The people centered leadership style emphasizes on the people by listening to the suggestions of the employees, grant them personal favors, support them whenever needed and treat them with equality while the task oriented